An experimental study of the transient regime to fluidized chimney in a granular medium

Localized fluidization within a granular packing along an almost cylindrical chimney is observed when an upward fluid-flow, injected through a small port diameter, exceeds a critical flow-rate. Once this threshold reached, a fluidized area is first initiated in the close vicinity of the injection hole before gradually growing upward to the top surface of the granular layer. In this work, we present an experimental investigation specifically dedicated to the kinetics of chimney fluidization in an immersed granular bed. Two different transient regimes are identified depending on whether the expansion of the fluidized area is rather fast and regular, reaching the final chimney state typically in less than 10 seconds, or, on the contrary, slow and very progressively accelerated, giving rise to transient duration up to 1 hour or even more. Some systematic investigations allow to propose several empirical scaling relations for the kinetics of chimney fluidization in the fast regular regime.