Optimal adjustment of atmospheric forcing parameters for long term simulations of the global ocean circulation.

Sea surface temperature (SST) is more accurately observed from space than near-surface atmospheric variables and air-sea fluxes. But ocean general circulation models for operational forecasting or simulations of the recent ocean variability use, as surface boundary conditions, bulk formulae which do not directly involve the observed SST. In brief, models do not use explicitly in their forcing one of the best observed ocean surface variable, except when assimilated to correct the model state. This classical approach presents however some inconsistency between the "assimilated" solution of the model and the "forced" one. The objective of this research is to develop in a realistic context a new assimilation scheme based on statistical methods that will use SST satellite observations to constrain (within observation-based air-sea flux uncertainties) the surface forcing function (surface atmospheric input variables) of ocean circulation simulations. The idea is to estimate a set of corrections for the atmospheric input data from ERAinterim reanalysis that cover the period from 1989 to 2007. We use a sequential method based on the SEEK filter, with an ensemble experiment to evaluate parameters uncertainties. The control vector is extended to correct forcing parameters (air temperature, air humidity, downward longwave and shortwave radiations, precipitation, wind velocity). Over experiments of one month duration, we assimilate observed monthly SST products (Hurrel, 2008) and SSS seasonal climatology (Levitus, 1994) data, to obtain monthly parameters corrections that we can use in a free run model This study shows that we can thus produce in a realistic case, on a global scale, and over a large time period, an optimal flux correction set that improves the forcing function of an ocean model using sea surface observations.