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Ferma gamma-ray space telescope observations of gamma-ray outburst from 3C 454.3 in 2009 december and 2010 april

Ackermann, M. / Ajello, M. / Baldini, L. / Ballet, J. / Barbiellini, G. / Bastieri, D. / Bechtol, K. / Bellazzini, R. / Berenji, B. / D. Blandford, R. / Bonamente, E. / W. Borgland, A. / Bregeon, J. / Brigida, M. / Bruel, P. / Buehler, R. / H. Burnett, T. / Buson, S. / A. Caliandro, G. / A. Cameron, R. / A. Caraveo, P. / Carrigan, S. / M. Casandjian, J. / Cavazzuti, E. / Cecchi, C. / Celik, O. / Chekhtman, A. / C. Cheung, C. / Chiang, J. / Ciprini, S. / Claus, R. / Cohen-Tanugi, J. / Corbel, S. / Cutini, S. / D'Ammando, F. / D. Dermer, C. / De Angelis, A. / De Palma, F. / W. Digel, S. / Do Couto E Silva, E. / S. Drell, P. / Dubois, R. / Dumora, D. / Escande, L. / Favuzzi, C. / J. Fegan, S. / C. Ferrara, E. / Fuhrmann, L. / Fukazawa, Y. / Fusco, P. / Gargano, F. / Gasparrini, D. / Gehrels, N. / Germani, S. / Giebels, B. / Giglietto, N. / Giommi, P. / Giordano, F. / Giroletti, M. / Glanzman, T. / Godfrey, G. / A. Grenier, I. / E. Grove, J. / Guiriec, S. / Hadasch, D. / Hayashida, M. / Hays, E. / Johannesson, G. / S. Johnson, A. / N. Johnson, W. / Kamae, T. / Katagiri, H. / Kataoka, J. / Knodlseder, J. / Kuss, M. / Lande, J. / Larsson, S. / Latronico, L. / Lee, S.-H. / Llena Garde, M. / Longo, F. / Loparco, F. / Lott, B. / Lubrano, P. / M. Madejski, G. / Makeev, A. / Marchili, N. / N. Mazziotta, M. / E. Mcenery, J. / Mehault, J. / F. Michelson, P. / Mizuno, T. / Monte, C. / E. Monzani, M. / Morselli, A. / V. Moskalenko, I. / Murgia, S. / Nakamori, T. / Nalewajko, K. / Naumann-Godo, M. / L. Nolan, P. / P. Norris, J. / Nuss, E. / Ohsugi, T. / Okumura, A. / Omodei, N. / Orlando, E. / F. Ormes, J. / Pelassa, V. / Pepe, M. / Pesce-Rollins, M. / Piron, F. / Porter, T.A. / Raino, S. / Rando, R. / Razzano, M. / Reimer, A. / Reimer, O. / C. Reyes, L. / Ripken, J. / Ritz, S. / Roth, M. / F.-W. Sadrozinski, H. / Sanchez, D. / Sander, A. / D. Scargle, J. / Sgro, C. / Sikora, M. / J. Siskind, E. / Spandre, G. / Spinelli, P. / S. Strickman, M. / J. Suson, D. / Takahashi, H. / Takahashi, T. / Tanaka, T. / Tanaka, Y. / B. Thayer, J. / G. Thayer, J. / J. Thompson, D. / Tibaldo, L. / F. Torres, D. / Tosti, G. / Tramacere, A. / L. Usher, T. / Vandenbroucke, J. / Vilchez, N. / Vitale, V. / P. Waite, A. / Wang, P. / E. Wehrle, A. / L. Winer, B. / Yang, Z. / Ylinen, T. / Ziegler, M. - 2010
The flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 underwent an extraordinary outburst in 2009 December when it became the brightest γ-ray source in the sky for over 1 week. Its daily flux measured with the Fermi-Large Area Telescope at photon energies E>100 MeV reached F 100 = 22 ± 1 × 10–6 photon cm–2 s–1, representing the highest daily flux of any blazar ever recorded in high-energy γ-rays. It again became the brightest source in the sky in 2010 April, triggering a pointed-mode observation by Fermi. The correlated γ-ray temporal and spectral properties during these exceptional events are presented and discussed. The main results show flux variability over time scales less than 3 hr and very mild spectral variability with an indication of gradual hardening preceding major flares. The light curves during periods of enhanced activity in 2008 July-August and 2010 December show strong resemblance, with a flux plateau of a few days preceding the major flare. No consistent loop pattern emerged in the γ-ray spectral index versus the flux plane as would be expected in acceleration and cooling scenarios. The maximum energy of a photon from 3C 454.3 is ≈20 GeV and a minimum Doppler factor of ≈13 is derived. The γ-ray spectrum of 3C 454.3 shows a significant spectral break between ≈2 and 3 GeV that is very weakly dependent on the flux state, even when the flux changes by an order of magnitude.

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