Etude des nourriceries de la Baie de Seine orientale et de l'estuaire de la Seine

This study, carried out from 1995 to 1997, within the framework of "Le Havre" harbour extension project, concerned halieutic populations and the characterization of a coastal nursery in the oriental part of the Seine bay and the Seine estuary . The main objective was to describe the specific and demographic composition of marine populations and their spatio-temporal distribution, and so assess the biological and halieutic role of this area. This study also included a research about the dietary needs of fish juveniles living in the estuary. Autumn and winter surveys results show that the estuary and area under direct influence are the richest from a biological and halieutic point of view. The mouth estuary isthe richest area in terms of diversity of species and marine animals abundance. The Northern area of the estuary ("Fosse Nord") is characterized by a biologic specificity and seems to be important, especially for bass, herring, sole, flounder juveniles and shrimps, which are numerically dominant in this area. We might consider that, regarding the entire zone subject to the survey, which extends up to 20 meters depth in average, the area under 10 m depths is the most favourable for fish juveniles. The proportion of under 2 years old juveniles is high in this area and often reaches more than 90%. The intertidal zone is quite different from the subtidal zone. In the intertidal area we captured only less than 1 year old fishes. They are shorter than the fishesof the same age which are captured in the subtidal area. The results of the surveys show a high interannual abundance variability for most of the species, like bass or soles juveniles. The same observation has been made in other zones like the Somme bay (Eastern Channel). It might be considered as a particular feature of nurseries. In spite of this variability, the characterization of the Seine nursery is based on the observation of the capacity of this zone to receive a large range of fish juveniles. All the species will not be regularly present on the nursery or identically distributed each year. The dietary needs of fish juveniles of 6 species captured in the Seine estuary were studied. The preys which have been identified from stomach contents belongto three major types of environment: mud intertidal benthic, muddy fine sand subtidal benthic of downstream estuary, suprabenthic of estuary and chenal of Seine. Each environment is used by the various predators according to their biological stages. Each length group of fishes has a particular typology of preys. Thus bass, sole, flounder, plaice, pout, and whiting nurseries depend on these three complementary environments which are essential for total dietary availability. This report includes a four page English summary which presents the main results of this study.